How Many Recommendation Letters For College Do I Need

What number of Recommendation Letters For College Do I Need SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Schools request every unique number of proposal letters. Every school sets its own approach, so it's consistently a smart thought to twofold check each school on your rundown to ensure you see precisely what it needs. Regularly, schools need you to send a proposal letter from your advisor. Moreover, they may request one, two, or, in uncommon cases, three letters from your instructors. This guide will go over the distinctive guidelinesso you know what number of recommendationsto collectwhen applying to schools. To start with, let’s go overthe various choices. What number of Recommendation Letters Do Schools Require? You may require somewhere in the range of zero to four letters of proposals. As referenced over, most of universities need to see in any event an assessment from your school advocate. On this, numerous universities, particularly those choosing based on scholastic legitimacy, look for a couple of educator suggestions. Hardly any universities need to see three; for the most part, you’ll possibly need three recs if you’re applying to military school. To discover data on your particular schools of intrigue, you can look on their affirmations sites. On the off chance that you’re utilizing the Common Application, at that point your application ought to likewise be redone to each school and its desires. While this guide doesn’t spread each and every school in the US (there are thousands!), it will go over some mainstream schools and their proposal letter prerequisites. Let’s start with schools that have least prerequisites and stir our way up to the schools with the most. You're free for proposal letters at these schools. Mainstream Schools with No Recommendation Requirement There are a few schools, including serious ones, that don’t require any proposal letters whatsoever. A portion of these may have a general â€Å"no rec letter† strategy, yet at the same time encourage you to check with your specific division or program. Others may request that you send a proposal letter later in the year. Some of you perusing this may inhale a moan of help, while others might need to send a rec letter and be baffled. On the off chance that you fall into the last gathering, would it be advisable for you to send your letter(s) at any rate? Once more, it’s consistently a smart thought to check your school’s site for data or call its affirmations office legitimately for its recommendation. A few schools will peruse your letters in the event that you need to send them, while others arerather resolute about not sending any. Here are a couple of schools that, as a rule, don’t require proposal letters: Penn State University (except if determined by a program) College of California schools College of Minnesota College of Texas College of Washington Presently for the schools that require one letter of proposal - yet just from your instructor. On the off chance that you're applying to any of the schools underneath, at that point an outing to your direction office is all together. Well known Schools that Require One Counselor Recommendationand No TeacherRecommendations These schools simply need to see an evaluationfrom your school advisor. As should be obvious, the majority of these schools are available to you sending an educator assessment in the event that you figure it will be useful to your application. School of William and Mary (educator recommendationis discretionary) Georgia Institute of Technology (educator assessment is suggested, however not required) James Madison University (educator suggestion is discretionary) College of Richmond On the off chance that you do choose to send an educator rec when it’s not required, ensure it’s a solid, considerable letter that you feel will genuinely support your application. A typical prerequisite of numerous multi year schools is one guide suggestion and one instructor proposal. These next schools need you to send two letters of proposal, as showed by the diesmbodied skimming hand. Famous Schools that Require One Counselor and One Teacher Recommendation These schools need to seeoneletter each from your school instructor and an educator. College of Delaware (one required, proposes that most candidates submit more than one letter) Georgia Tech Factories College NYU College of Maryland College of Massachusetts College of Virginia Wake Forest University More selectivecolleges will in general require an advisor letter of rec and two instructor letters of suggestion. Leave some well known schools with this necessity underneath. In case you're applying to any of the schools beneath, ideally you have three grinning instructors prepared to compose stunning things about you! Well known Schools that Require One Counselor and Two Teacher Recommendations Since these schools are especially specific for scholarly capacity, it bodes well that they need to find out about you and your work as an understudy from two distinct educators. Amherst College Duke University Sarah Lawrence College Barnard College Emory University Scripps College Bates College Harvard University Skidmore College Boston College Harvey Mudd College Smith College Bowdoin College Haverford College Stanford University Earthy colored University Johns Hopkins University Swarthmore College Bryn Mawr College Juilliard School Syracuse University California Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Trinity College Case Western Reserve University Middlebury College Joined State Coast Guard Academy Colby College Mount Holyoke College College of Chicago Colgate University New England Conservatory of Music College of Pennsylvania Colorado College Oberlin College Vanderbilt University Columbia University Occidental College Washington and Lee University Connecticut College Pitzer College Wellesley College Cornell University Pomona College Wheaton College** Dartmouth College* Princeton University Williams College Davidson College* Reed College Yale University *Dartmouth and Davidson also require a friend proposal with the two educator recommendations.**Wheaton requires one instructor rec and one peaceful rec Up until this point, you either had no way out in your recommender (similarly as with your advocate) or could simply pick one educator. In any case, with respect to the schools that require two letters, do they have any prerequisites about who precisely you request to suggest you? Rules for Your TwoTeacher Recommendations As far as who you ask, universities commonly solicit you to give a range from points of view, similar to one letter from a science or math instructor and one from a humanities or social examinations educator (this incorporates specialized schools like MIT and CalTech). The other basic approach is that the school surrenders the decision over to you. In practically any case, you ought to ask two instructors from center courses. In the event that you’re applying to a craftsmanship or execution school, as Juilliard or the New England Conservatory of Music, at that point one of your letters ought to be an imaginative proposal from a private studio educator, conductor, mentor, or masterful coach. As you saw over, a chosen few schools, similar to Dartmouth, Davidson, and Wheaton, get explicit about extra companion or peaceful suggestions, yet these are certainly special cases. Since you have a feeling of the universities that need two instructor suggestions, investigate the not many that need three (FYI,they’re every single military school). Military Schools that Require One Counselor and Three Teacher Recommendations These schools additionally require a designation from a Congressperson, which basically considers another proposal, bringing the number required up to five! US Air Force Academy US Navy Academy (math, English educators and Blue Gold official) US Merchant Marine Academy US Military Academy (West Point) Above, we quickly addressed whether you ought to send a letter regardless of whether your school doesn’t require it. On a comparative note, would it be advisable for you to ever send an additional letter? Extra! Extra! Find out about me! Would you be able to Send Extra Recommendation Letters? Strategically, you ought to have the option to send an additional suggestion letter by means of mail or doling out an extra recommender on your school application or Common Application. Numerous schools permit this choice, yet you ought to be mindful and ensure you comprehend your school's supposition about sending additional material. Each school has its own position on supplemental letters. On the off chance that your school permits it, you need to ensure an additional letter adds something generous to your application and originates from a legitimate source, similar to a network supervisoror otherworldly pioneer with whom you've worked intently. Another situation wherein an additional letter could be a smart thought is on the off chance that you go to a tremendous secondary school and haven't become more acquainted with your educators or guide well overall. Once more, try to find out about your school's strategy. You would prefer not to play into the old affirmations saying, The thicker the document, the thicker the child. Admissions officials as a rule don't look affectionately on a lot of additional material. Instead of helping your application, inordinate supplemental could simply wind up raising warnings about the quality of your nomination. While exploring your universities' prerequisites is a basic initial phase in arranging your proposal letters, there are a few different components that require your consideration. Peruse on for additional on social event suggestion letters, along withthe assets that canhelp you through the procedure. Disclose to me more. What Else Do You Need to Know About Recommendation Letters? Before you welcome your recommenders to present their letters on the web, you should be keen about who you

Security Studies an Introduction and Facts about the Development

Question: Examine about the Security Studies an Introduction and Facts about the Development Answer: Readiness: In getting ready for the instructional exercise a couple of realities about the advancement of the world as it stands today got engaged. At whatever point individuals talk about my nation or my country, the essential thing that gets passed on is that I or we together own this real estate parcel mass and you individuals who remain on this land mass are my subjects. Well that was the customary standpoint. With majority rule government setting in and legislative issues taking a shape where there are no unmistakable lines of rulers, the announcement is nearly saying something very similar however a little glossed over. It is currently said This real estate parcel has a place with us all. Henceforth let us mutually misuse it, for which it should be secured against perils. While the individuals are supposed to be the proprietors of the land a littler gathering calls the cards. Anything that risks this stand is basically a security peril. Reflections: In the instructional exercise titled Security Studies an Introduction and composed by Paul D. Williams this idea has been recommended - in various words however. Security is expressed to mean distinctive to various individuals and that governmental issues assumes a significant job in characterizing and subsequently forming popular conclusion. This works specifies that security id the wellbeing of genuine individuals in genuine spots and that establishes the pace of the arrangement that it will shrink away from the real issue, since it is somewhat hard to picture unbelievable individuals and spot. Over the span of conversation it makes reference to around four essential inquiries which are, first, what is security, second is whose security, third, what makes a security issue and fourth and last is the manner by which to accomplish security. Security is supposed to be the way toward evacuating the danger to values that are loved and in the event that the danger strikes, at that point these loved qualities are lost. As to address of whose security it states in extremely circuitous manner that it is the country which may have numerous ethnic gatherings as well as classes inside it. It talks about outer security as well as interior angles like economy, wellbeing and condition viewpoints Is significant war out of date? Arrangement: Wars have been around since the time the start of the edified society. Outer powers have consistently attempted to remove the harvests of hard work from the nation which worked for it. So as to ensure their riches each country consistently keeps itself prepared to meet the outer dangers. Enormous scope war including numerous countries isn't possible today since the arsenal of the whole world is adequate to wreck the world many occasions over. That ought not be interpreted as the inclination to claim others property by certain methods not just fierce power has been wiped out. Huge scope war is not, at this point conceivable however then enormous scope hostility financial, modern, social and social is a lot of pervasive right up 'til today. Rather than hacking off the leaders of the opponent armed force faculty the accentuation has moved to starvation, hardship and embarrassment. Reflection: In the article Is significant war out of date? composed by M. Mandelbaum the beginning off is offering a similar conversation starter and continuing with the possibility that wars are simply methods for mass devastation to life and property. It proceeds to make the feeling that war is not, at this point a reasonable alternative and utilizations numerous wordings to protect its hypothesis. It has described numerous angles and has utilized numerous strange terms which don't enhance the essential suggestion of whether war is conceivable today or not. Adroitly the expense of war both immediate and aberrant or long haul has become so enormous that the worldwide network is against it. With the ascent of law based powers the idea of war is gradually going into blankness. In any case, it might be reminded that the article is importance wars in which one nation fires against another for typically financial advantages over the long haul. Most nations are resulting from a war or if nothing else difficulty. It is relevantly noticed that such nations which have appeared as a drop out or consequence of a war themselves do battle on different purposes. Explanations behind war differ yet the outcome is the equivalent. In this way what has been so far called war gets changed to mean animosity of any sort propelled by one country on another to get hold of their financial assets has supplanted war. Wars, which before, implied murdering by method of utilization of weapons has been supplanted by executing by removing the wellspring of energetic hood of the populace. This sort of war proceeds with today and has become a pattern under different names like globalization and monetary changes. The technique for executing has just changed, the reality stays same. In this way wars will currently take an alternate structure and neglectful gore is en route to turn into a relic of days gone by. Atomic Zero the Best Option Readiness: The idea of going absolutely atomic free is an idealistic idea in todays world. No reasonable administration would even consider confiding in the main super intensity of today for example US of America about their remain of making an atomic free world. The littler and less huge countries know the well-known axiom that Preparation for war is the best approach to accomplish harmony and they will keep themselves prepared to have the option to make a scratch on the off chance that America was to rake up any undesirable issue. Countries go to battle on evidently unstable ground and America is no exemption. They have been propelling offensives in the Middle East and Far East clearly on wobbly and indefensible grounds. The war in Vietnam which cost America a clean fortune is an abundance of experience for the littler nations of the world. Every country must be in status for confronting any hostile from the super force and this super force has the solidarity to request that others go non-ato mic however they might want to remain the one in particular who is irrefutable. The fear based oppressor bunches have an immense capacity to incur wounds on the super force however they may not be in a position today to assume control over the nation. The death toll and property to America by method of fear monger assaults make solid popular feeling against the state and in this way are best kept away from. Reflections: The discussion whether Nuclear Zero the Best Option has centered the two perspectives for and against the movement. While what is been expressed in the understandings for the movement reviews the different declarations by different head of territory of United States of America about moving towards an atomic free world they have not had the option to validate with realities of this atomic super force beginning any exercises for guaranteeing non expansion of atomic arms. The contentions introduced by the individuals who have denounced the movement show up progressively consistent. That this super force has in the past been answerable for propelling offensives against littler and more fragile countries on some appearance or different gets referenced undoubtedly. They need demobilization just to fill their own need of staying liberated from the feelings of dread of any atomic strike by particularly the psychological oppressor gatherings. Psychological oppressor bunches are very equipped for propelling an atomic strike just to utilize their muscles. This isn't what America would be prepared to acknowledge. New Weapons for Old Problems: Conventional Proliferation and Military Effectiveness in Developing States Readiness: The creating countries which are not so much in the class of genuine dangers to the effectively created nations are quick gaining weaponries for making themselves more grounded and fitter to oppose any military animosity by their neighboring nations. Developing nations like India and Pakistan continue fortifying their weapons store just to guarantee that they are sheltered from their neighbors. This is likewise found in the Middle East, where obtaining arms is nothing unbelievable. Reflections: This article with the heading New Weapons for Old Problems: Conventional Proliferation and Military Effectiveness in Developing States composed by Christopher S. Parker digs in the issues of groundwork for war in the immature nations. These numerous nations which all have some monetary or social or land quality are ever on lumberjack sets out toward assortment of reasons. The arms sellers are dynamic in these zones and in a significant number cases the arms bargains are blurred in secret. In the event that the super powers need the weapons contest to stop, at that point the arms and ammo fabricating associations must be limited and that is unspeakable in the worldwide economy of today. From kadesh to Kandahar Military hypothesis and the eventual fate of war Arrangement: The immature nations which are outside the super force square is equipping themselves alarmingly. Does the western and propelled nations effectively add to this circumstance is an inquiry which rings a bell. Reflections: An appropriate inquiry has been attempted to be replied by the creator and that question is that can the eventual fate of wars be anticipated particularly inside the setting of the present financial weights on the propelled nations which has approached the immersion point. The most significant thought that has been expressed here is that anyway confined a contention might be with the assistance of data innovation it before long takes the size of a worldwide issue. Along these lines this article is uncovering the odds of provincial clashes growing into wars where the super force square may need to get required because of social weight made by the dispersal of data by the worldwide media and data innovation. Mounted force to PC The example of military insurgency Planning: These are days when the war is battled with information, intelligence and innovation. Countless number of wars and fights has been lost because of the predominant innovation sending of the foe. This has been the pattern in fighting as is clear from the historical backdrop of humankind. Already the war was battled on the muscle intensity of the troopers yet gradually the accentuation got put on method and backing from non human warriors. This included

The Dorothys of Crime Fiction

The Dorothys of Crime Fiction Its April, and as many of you know, I spent the previous month immersing myself in crime fiction. (Now Im immersed in the 1100+-page novel that is Cryptonomicon, but thats a different story). Aaaanyway, while I was bringing myself up to speed (speedily) on the history of American crime fiction, I noticed somethinginteresting. Lots of detective/crime/mystery writers were named Dorothy. And like I said, its April, and the Dorothy in my life (my Grandma Dorothy) would be 99 this month if she were alive today. She was vivacious, she was dynamic, she commanded attention and was loved by friends and family alike. And she loved a good story. So, in honor of my Grandma Dorothy and her April birthday, I hereby introduce you to six Dorothys of crime fiction: Dorothy Cannell Born in London in 1943, Cannell moved to America when she was twenty years old. Known for her Ellie Haskell series of novels (of which there are 14, so far), the first Haskell novel- The Thin Woman (1984)- was selected as one of the 100 Favorite Mysteries of the Twentieth Century by the Independent Mystery Booksellers Association. Dorothy Salisbury Davis As Sarah Weinman has explained in her recent anthology  Troubled Daughters, Twisted Wives, women were in the forefront of the nascent crime fiction genre in the first half of the 20th century. Davis, now 98, was one of these pioneers, and published her first crime novel,  The Judas Cat, in 1949. She is particularly known for her masterful handling of psychological suspense. In 1956, she served as the President of the Mystery Writers of America and was declared a Grand Master in 1985. Dorothy B. Hughes I recently read Hughess In a Lonely Place (1947), one of her most popular books, and boy was it creepy and haunting and absolutely wonderful. Hughes is particularly known for her hardboiled and noir style. Three of her novels were turned into films, and she received an Edgar Award from the MWA in 1951; the Grand Master award followed in 1978. A reviewer and literary critic as well, Hughes was versatile and immensely talented. She died in 1993.  Dorothy L. Sayers Born in England in 1893, Sayers established herself as a major mystery and crime writer in the 1920s and 30s with her series featuring the fictional detective and aristocrat Lord Peter Wimsey. Sayers devoted much of her later life, though, to drama, poetry, literary criticism, essays, and translations, including that of Dantes Divine Comedy. She died in 1957. Dorothy Simpson Born in Wales in 1933, Simpson won the Silver Dagger Award from the Crime Writers Association of Great Britain in 1985 for her novel Last Seen Alive. Before turning to writing, Simpson had worked as an English and French teacher, and then as a marriage counselor. Simpson created the popular Inspector Thanet series, which includes 15 novels so far. Dorothy Uhnak Uhnak, an American crime novelist, started off as a detective for the NYC Transit Police Department before turning to writing. Her first novel The Bait (1968) won her the Edgar Award in 1969. Many of Uhnaks novels were turned into TV movies and were bestsellers. She died in 2006. Save Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

The Case Study of Ted Bundy - 1365 Words

Ted Bundy Introduction Ted Bundy was one of the most vicious and notorious serial killers in United States history. His success in finding and slaughtering his prey was often due to his meticulous planning and preparation. In other moments he simply seized upon the opportunity to charm a woman he met without any prior planning and lured her to a place where he could kill her. He killed as many as 36 women, although authorities suggest that there may have been more victims than that. Was Bundy a classic case of a criminal whose activities can be linked to the Rational Choice theory? Do the principles of Trait theories explain his behaviors? This paper looks into those theories as they may or may not apply to the murderous life of Ted Bundy. This paper finds that Rational Choice theory fits the facts of Ted Bundys serial killing more appropriately than Trait theories. The Literature on Bundy and Appropriate Theories Looking into Bundys life, many of the facts and images from his early life stand in stark contrast to the vicious killings he engaged in. The young many Bundy was well behaved and grew up an attractive teen that was generally liked and who performed well in school, according to Charles Montaldo writing in About.com. When he enrolled in the University of Puget Sound, he did very well in his schoolwork but he was embarrassed that he had so little money and the students around him were far wealthier, so he transferred to the University of WashingtonShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Ted Bundy1221 Words   |  5 Pages Case Study: Ted Bundy Ted Bundy was born in Burlington, Vermont on November 24, 1946. He became his mother’s shame due to the fact he was conceived while she was unmarried and young. Eleanor Cowell, the mother of Ted Bundy had strict religious parents which put more pressure to the situation. Although there is not any information regarding the whereabouts of Ted’s father, Eleanor Cowell managed to deliver the child at a home for unmarried mothers. Eventually, she brought the child to her parentsRead MoreTed Bundy Case Study2485 Words   |  10 PagesTheodore â€Å"TED† BUNDY CASE Theodore â€Å"Ted† Bundy, the serial killer that was born as Theodore Robert Cowell, on November 24, 1946 killed between 1973 and 1978. He escaped from county jail two times before his last apprehension in February 1978. After so many years of so many denials, he eventually confessed to over thirty murders. Even though the actual number of murder victims is not known. It is estimated that the range of victims is from twenty-six to hundred. The wide-ranging estimate is thirty-fiveRead MoreCase Case Study : Ted Bundy1873 Words   |  8 PagesI decided to conduct my case study on Ted Bundy because his story and crimes always fascinated me and I wanted to attain a comprehensive understanding of what motivated him commit such horrific acts. Ted spent his early childhood growing up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with his mother and maternal grandparents where Bundy was raised to believe his mother was his sibling and his grandparents were his parents. When Ted discovered Louise de ceived him about his parentage, he developed a strained relationshipRead MoreCase Study Analysis of Ted Bundy1041 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿A Case Study Analysis of Ted Bundy Introduction A personality disorder can be described as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is extremely inflexible, deviates markedly from the expectations of a persons culture, and causes personal distress or behavioral impairment (Bernstein, Nietzel, McCauley Foust, 1997). Such patterns of problems in the personality of an individual can be traced to adolescence or even childhood. People who have been diagnosed with personalityRead MoreCase Study: Ted Bundy Essay2279 Words   |  10 Pages Theodore Robert Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell on November 24, 1949.His mother, Louise Cowell was unmarried at the time, and the name of his biological father has never been determined with certainty, however Lloyd Marshall was named on his birth certificate. Louise moved into her parent’s home shortly after Ted’s birth and allowed him to be raised as her ‘brother’ for quite some time. When Ted’s mother married Johnnie Culpepper Bundy in May 1 951 in Tacoma, Washington, when Theodore was fourRead MoreTed Bundy : The Most Notorious Criminals Of The 20th Century1716 Words   |  7 Pages Ted Bundy Ted Bundy is considered as one of the America’s most notorious criminals of the 20th century. He confessed to around 28 murders, but thought to be responsible for hundreds of deaths. He escaped custody killing at least three people, two college students and a twelve year old, before he was caught again and executed. While Ted Bundy is known for his charm, and many people believe he is a striking and intelligent man, he has a very troubled past; Bundy is remembered as a notorious serialRead MoreTed Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer1415 Words   |  6 PagesTed Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer Americans were shocked in the 1970s when authorities began reporting a string of disappearances of young women from Washington, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Florida and Oregon. The man behind these crimes was Theodore (Ted) Bundy. Many people still consider him to be one of the most notorious serial killers of all time and was once one of the FBI’s most wanted. He was officially tied to 36 murders, however he is believed to have committed more than one hundred. TheRead MorePsychology of Serial Killers1430 Words   |  6 PagesWe serial killers are your sons, we are your husbands we are everywhere. And there will be more of your children dead tomorrow. Theodore Robert Bundy In the past decade, Americans and researchers have given more and more of their attention to serial killers. The United States alone has contributed about 85% of the worlds serial killers. It has been said that they come in many different forms. Society has many words for serial killers. Holmes and DeBurger define serial murders as consistingRead MoreTed Bundy s Influence On The Family1591 Words   |  7 PagesTed Bundy was born on November 24, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont, bringing much disgrace to his mother and family. Bundy was born out of wed lock, his mother Eleanor Louis Cowell was twenty-two and was raised in an overly religious household. Cowell moved back home to Philadelphia with her parents to raise her new son. To hide the fact that he was an illegitimate child, Bundy was raised to believe his grandparents were his parents and his mother was his sister. They moved soon thereafter to TacomaRead MoreBiography Of Theodore Bundy Born Theodore1561 Words   |  7 PagesT heodore Bundy born Theodore Robert Cowell was born in Burlington, Vermont to Eleanor Cowell. He was born on November 24, 1946. She had him when she was still a teeneager and so Ted was raised believing that she was his sister. His birth father is somewhat confusing on his birth certificate it has Lloyd Marshall but investigators believe that his real father s name was Jack Worthington. Ted’s mother married Johnnie Bundy who eventually adopted Ted as his son. Ted Bundy became interested in knives

WTO and GATT REGULATION - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1109 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? WTO REGULATION GATT was established in 1947 with 23 members, there were eight negotiation rounds between all these countries. The first 6 rounds were about reducing the tariff rates. The 7th Tokyo Round Agreement on following Article VII of the GATT was signed in 1979. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "WTO and GATT REGULATION" essay for you Create order There were several topics discussed and got successful results. The results of agreement reached to bring the average tariff on industrial products reduced to 4.7%; to reduce tariff when it was over eight years; to get the non-tariff barriers obstacles. WTO is an international organization who has 160 members, led by a director general with 640 staff committed to deal with the rules of trade between countries. WTO covers trade in services and trade-related intellectual property rights than GATT rules applied to only merchandise goods. WTO commitments are fully and functionally permanent instead of GATTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s provisional basis. Finally, GATT was replaced by WTO following Article VII in 1993 in according to the Uruguay Round. The Principles of WTO agreement were intended to provide a fair, uniform and neutral (FUN) system for the valuation of goods for customs purpose. This Agreement essentially applied that the value for duty should be based on the actually price actua lly paid or payable for the imported goodsto be the transaction value. The value for duty also should conform to commercial realities. The agreement also refused to use of Arbitrary, fictitious for customs values. WTO agreement gives the right of the customs administrations to request further information of importers where they have reason to doubt the declared value of imported goods. Transaction Value Method (By Guoping Lu) The transaction value is determined by finding out the price paid or payable for the goods when the goods are sold for export to Canada to a purchaser who is in Canada, and adjusting the price paid or payable by following the section 48of the Customs Act. WTO generalized the transaction value as the primary method of evaluation as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Price actually paid or payableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  on imported goods. In determining the Transaction Value, the price paid or payable may be adjusted and subjected to some additions or some deductions. As we usually do in Canada Customs Invoice, if the following ones are not indicated in field 17 which is the total invoice, price paid or payable, then they have to be added: Thedomestic transportation fees and insurance charges in Canada; Commission fees; Royalties fees; Assists; (The Canadian purchaser supplies a free or less cost on the value of the imported goods which are used for the production and sale.) The packing cost; Subsequent proceeds; If the following ones are indicated in field 17 which is the total invoice, price paid or payable in CCI, then they have to be deducted: The international transportation and insurance charges form other country to Canada; Construction, erection assembly costs; Imported duties and taxes. We can find more information about the transaction value method from D-Memorandum 13. COMPUTED RESIDUAL METHOD-XIAOBING YANG Computed value (Section 52 of the Customs Act VFDC 18/28) The computed value method is used for the imported goods cannot determine the value for duty under any of the previous methods of valuation. Therefore, in order to determine a value for duty under the computed value method, it is important to collect the information form the country of the goods. In the section 52 of Customs Act, there are key elements to be consisted to computed value: The cost of materials employed in producing goods Costs to the production of imported goods Profit and general expenses. For example, a Canadian company A purchases equipment from a foreign firm B. The company A cannot apply the methods of valuation from the section 48-51 of the Customs Act, the value of duty is determined under section 52. There is example illustrate for the calculation of the computed value method. According to the section 52 of the Act, all the cost, charge, expenses are added to the goods. materials $16 Producing cost $12 Packing $1 assists $1 total $30 Profit General expenses 25% x30=$7.5 Value for duty $37.5 Residual Value (Section 53 of the Customs Act VFDC19/29) By XIAO BING YANG There are some importations that cannot be appraised on the basis of any of the values referred to previous methods, the value for duty of those goods would apply the residual method described in section 53. In fact, the residual value method does not provide the specific rules to determine value for duty. According to section 53 that allows for the flexible interpretation of one of previous methods in sequence. Also, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“in applying section 53 of the Act, the value for duty is to be determined on the basis of information available in Canada (Customs Act)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In the real would, these are two import principles to determine the closer method under the section 53. WORK CITED CBSA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Computed Value Method- Memorandum D13-8-1.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Govt.of Canada, Feb.04.2014.Web.17.Nov.2014. CBSA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Residual Basis of Appraisal Method- Memorandum D.à ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‚  Govt.of Canada, Nov.19.2013. Web.17.Nov.2014. TRANSACTION VALUE METHOD- GUOPING LU The transaction value is determined by ascertaining the price paid or paid for the goods when the goods are sold for export to Canada to a purchaser in Canada, and adjusting the price paid or payable in according to thesubsection 48(5)of the Customs Act. WTO summarized the transaction value as the primary source of appraisal on imported goods as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Price actually paid or payableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which means total payment. In determining the Transaction Value, the price paid or payable may be subject to additions or deductions. To the extent that they are not already included in the price paid or payable, amounts equal to the following are to be added: (a)certain commissions and brokerage; (b)all packing costs and charges; (c)the value of certain goods and services provided free or at a reduced charge by the purchaser for use in the production of the imported goods (assists); (d)certain royalties and licence fees; (e)the value of any proceeds from the subsequent resale, disposal, or use of the goods which accrue to the vendor; and (f)the costs of transportation and associated costs relating to the movement of the goods to and at the place from which the goods were shipped directly to Canada. To the extent that they are already included in the price paid or payable, amounts equal to the following are to be deducted: (a)the costs of transportation and associated costs relating to the movement of the goods from the place from which the goods were shipped directly to Canada; (b)certain costs, charges, or expenses incurred or arising after importation in respect of the goods being appraised; and (c)Canadian duties and taxes. Work cited CBSA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Transaction Valuation- Memorandum D13-4-1.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Govt.of Canada, 17 April 2001.Web. 17 Nov.2014.

Rice Seeds Free Essays

Table 1 Shoot and root length of a dicot and a monocot seedling Shoot Length (cm)| Root length (cm)| | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Average| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Average| Day 1| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Day 2| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 1. 1| 1. 0| 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Rice Seeds or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2| 1. 0| 0| 0. 86| Day 3| 1| 0. 5| 1| 1| 1| 0. 9| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2. 1| 2. 02| Day 4| 1. 2| 1| 1| 1. 1| 1| 1. 6| 2. 5| 2. 5| 3| 3| 2. 5| 2. 7| Day 5| 2. 1| 2| 1. 3| 2| 1. 3| 1. 74| 3| 3. 1| 3. 2| 3. 2| 3| 3. 1| Day 6| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 1| 2. 1| 5| 3. 5| 4| 3| 5| 4. 1| Day 7| 2. 5| 2. 5| 2. 2| 2. 5| 2. 5| 2. 44| 5. 5| 4. 5| 5| 5| 5| 5| Table 2 Breaking dormancy of Leucaena leucophala seeds Treatment| % Germination| | R E P L I C A T I O N| | 1| 2| Average| Rubbing on sandpaper| 0%| 0%| 0%| Clipping| 0%| 1%| 0. 5%| Soaking in hot water (50 degrees Celcius)| 0%| 0%| 0%| Control| 6%| 0%| 3| The experiment has shown that by clipping the seeds perhaps germination of the seed can be attain. Rubbing the seed with sandpaper can break the dormancy as well as it can also break and kill the seed. Soaking the seeds in hot water can also break the hardness of the coat of the seed thus can also kill the developing parts of the seeds of the plant. Clipping can be considered as an effective way of breaking the dormancy of the seed thus in some unexpected ways or inaccurate work, the seeds may be damaged and may not germinate. Table 3. 1 Effect of initial moisture content on the storability of rice seeds I. Effect of initial moisture content on the storability of rice seeds Treatment| % Germination| | R E P L I C A T I O N| | 1| 2| Average| | After 3 days| After 7 days| After 3 days| After 7 days| | 11% moisture content| 12%| | 12%| | 16%| 20% moisture content| 0%| 16%| 0%| 12%| 14%| The results have shown that the rice seed treated with 11% moisture content have higher percent of germination as compared with the rice seed treated with 20% moisture content. Rice seeds are known to be an orthodox type of seeds. Orthodox type of seeds are seeds which are needed to be stored with low moisture content under conditions at low temperature and low humidity. This means that in order to attain and make the seeds germinate these seeds must be maintained at low moisture content. Table 3. 2 Storability of recalcitrant seeds Treatment| % Germination after one week| Freshly extracted| 80%| Stored for one week| 0%| The results have shown that the cacao seeds which are freshly extracted have higher percent of germination as compared with the cacao seeds stored for one week. Cacao seeds are known to be recalcitrant type of seeds. This means that this type of seeds should have been planted after they are extracted. These seeds should not be stored long to attain a high percent of germination. Since the seeds are stored for seven days or one week the seeds will no longer germinate because it has already dried up and this type of seed must be stored without reduction in their moisture. How to cite Rice Seeds, Essay examples

Tumor Lysis Syndrome free essay sample

Tumor Lysis Syndrome by NinjaMom Tumor Lysis Syndrome is a series of metabolic derangements which may begin shortly after the onset of treatment of malignancies. It can lead to any of the following:  · hyperphosphatemia · lactic acidosis (metabolic acidosis)  · hypocalcemia · hyperuricemia  · hyperkalemia · acute renal failure Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS):  · is caused by the destruction of many rapidly proliferating neoplastic cells  · is most commonly associated with a Burkitts lymphoma or acute lymphocytic leukemia  · can occur after treatment of nearly any malignancy  · occurs shortly (1-5 days) after onset of chemotherapy can occur spontaneously, but this is rare There are no definite parameters to diagnosing TLS, but there is a guideline as to how to measure disease severity. This is the Cairo-Bishop method. Laboratory TLS two or more of the following:  · uric acid level gt; 8 · potassium level gt; 6  · phosphorus level gt; 4. 5 · calcium level lt; 7 Clinical TLS any of the above laboratory values with an elevated serum creatinine, a new arrhythmia, seizure or sudden death Hyperphosphatemia  · caused by the release of intracellular phosphate pools within tumor cells  · causes a reciprocal decrease in serum calcium, which then causes the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the renal tubules and in the microvasculature, and can lead to acute renal failure  · treat with oral phosphate binders Hypocalcemia  · usually a reciprocal decrease caused by hyperphosphatemia  · QT prolongation  · positive Chvostek and Trousseaus signs  · bronchospasm, seizures, anxiety, tetany, encephalopathy, unexplained dementia or psychosis, parasthesias  · often resolves without intervention as the phosphate levels return to normal  · do NOT correct unless severe neurological symptoms present as this may predispose the patient to hypercalcemia as the phosphate levels normalize Hyperkalemia  · caused by intracellular potassium release from tumor lysis  · worsed with a metabolic acidosis  · shortened QT interval, peaked T waves, flattened P waves, prolonged PR interval, wide QRS, deep S wave, sine waves, ventricular arrhythmias, asystole, death  · often the first life-threatening abnormality identified  · treat with restriction of dietary potassium, kayexelate, and IV glucose and insulin  · if K gt; 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Tumor Lysis Syndrome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5, calcium gluconate or calcium carbonate may be given for cardioprotecion Hyperuricemia  · caused by the rapid turnover of nucleic acids uric acid can precipitate in the tubules, medulla, and collecting ducts of the kidney  · elevated levels can lead to nausea/vomiting, arthralgias, and lethargy  · worsened by a metabolic acidosis  · treat with allopurinol  · may treat with rasburicase  · may magnify clinical hypocalcemia  · if prior treatment ineffective, acetazolamide may be used Metabolic Acidosis  · caused by release of endogenous intracellular acids  · elevated anion gap  · decreased serum bicarbonate levels  · decreased uric acid solubility  · increased calcium phosphate solubility Acute Renal Failure  · oligoanuric  · causes volume overload, pulmonary edema precipitated by uric acid crystallization, calcium phosphate crystallization  · if conservative medical management does not correct these abnormalities, emergent dialysis is warranted to prev ent permanent kidney damage The likelihood of developing TLS depends on several factors:  · tumor burden · renal function  · uric acid level · LDH level  · tumor sensitivity to treatment · elderly age Pre-treatment care:  · CBC · LDH level  · CMP · uric acid level  · ionized calcium · hydration  ·possible pre-alkalinization of the urine Post-treatment care:  · close monitoring for 48-72 hours after treatment continuous cardiac monitoring  · hydration  · BUNs TID  · measurement of urine pH TID  · dialysis if indicated References Berkow, Robert, M. D. et al, eds. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 13th ed. New Jersey: Merck Co. , Inc. 1977. Braunwald, Eugene, M. D. et al, eds. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001. Fernandez, Pedro, M. D. , Richard Larson, M. D. , and Zalman Agus, M. D. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. www. uptodate. com 2007. Ikeda, Alan, M. D. et al. Tumor Lysis Syndrome. www. emedicine. com. 2006.